Daily Concept #3
Inorganic molecules are not carbon-based
Organic molecules typically have carbon atoms. They tend to be larger than inorganic molecules.
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide (+ glucose ) Disaccharide (+ glucose) Polysaccharide
Glucose ------------- Maltose -------------- Starch
Fructose ------------- Sucrose --------------- Glycogen
Galactose ---------------- Lactose
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Covalent bonds are bonds where atoms share electrons
atoms consist of a nucleus and orbiting electrons. it is made of 3 subatomic particles.
protons: have a positive charge, the number of protons gives the atom its identity, the proton number never changes, the number of protons plus the number of neutrons gives the atom its mass value.
Neutrons: have no charge, when the number of electrons changes the atom becomes an isotope, to find the number of neutrons in an atom take the mass - the protons = the number of neutrons
electrons: have a negative charge, orbit around the nucleus, an atom has the same amount of neutrons as electrons, electrons have almost no weight
THE PERIOC TABLE
the periodic table of elements is designed so that every atom in each column share similar characteristics, atoms in different columns have different characteristics
H column: all atoms will usually develop a +1 charge when they form an ionic bond,
Be column: all atoms will usually develop a +2 charge when they form an ionic bond,,
B column: will tend to form a +3 charge when they form an ionic bond
N column: tend to form a -3 charge when they form an ionic bond,
Transition elements: we are not studying them,
IONS
an ion is an atom that has gained or lost an electron and has a charge
Polyatomic Ions are several atoms that have a single charge and are held together by covelant bonds
examples are: ammonium (NH4 +) hydroxide (OH -) bicarbonate (HCO3-) carbonate (CO3 -2) phosphate (PO4 -3)
ISOTOPES
isotopes are atoms that have a different number of neutrons than they usually do
radioactive isotopes are isotopes that emit energy
they are used for tracking things in the body and other stuff too